Experts call for systematic screening of postnatal depression

Women experiencing depression after childbirth are receiving too little support, the Federal Commission for Family Affairs says. SRF reported that experts are calling for earlier and more systematic screening.

Persistent sadness, exhaustion, feelings of guilt or incompetence, and a lack of motivation are among the signs of postnatal depression. They can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from the upheaval that follows the birth of a child.

Key risk factors include a history of depression, social isolation, and a difficult or traumatic birth, according to Camille Bérard, a freelance midwife and psychologist, in comments to RTS, the French-language Swiss public broadcaster.

The first days after childbirth are often marked by heightened emotional vulnerability. This phase is not in itself pathological and is also part of the bonding process, as parents become particularly receptive to a newborn’s signals. Up to 80 percent of women experience the so-called baby blues, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, exhaustion and the adjustment to a new life.

However, this vulnerability should not prevent a mother from managing everyday life. The duration and intensity of symptoms can help distinguish the temporary baby blues from depression. Bérard says concern is warranted when sadness, exhaustion, guilt or the feeling of being unable to cope lasts for more than two weeks, takes up a significant part of daily life, or affects relationships and the desire to care for the child.

In a recently published document, the Federal Commission for Family Affairs recommended systematic and early screening for postnatal depression. This could begin during pregnancy by identifying previous mental health conditions and other risk factors, and continue after the birth.

One available tool is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, a 10-question questionnaire that allows healthcare professionals to assess a patient’s risk of depression and refer her for professional support if necessary. In practice, however, screening is not carried out everywhere.

Consultations often focus heavily on the baby’s health, breastfeeding or medical examinations, sometimes at the expense of a simple question such as, “How are you?”, Bérard said.

Social support is one of the most important protective factors. A stable relationship with a partner, the presence of relatives, and access to midwives, paediatricians, doctors or social workers can help new mothers through this period.

Bérard particularly recommends identifying people and professionals in the parent’s circle who can be contacted in case of difficulties. The aim is to ensure that parents feel supported and have places where they can express their fears or ask questions.